What is Networking?: More Definitions - Examples & Purposes - Here we Discuss What is Networking? with More best definitions and their Purposes of Networking or Networks as you say..
What is Networking?
A computer network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources such as printers CD ROM or allow electronic communications. The computers on a computer network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.
More definitions of Networking..
In Computer science, a network is defined as the connection of at least two computer systems, either by a cable or a wireless connection.
Definition # 3 :-
The simplest network is a combination of two computers connected by a cable. This type of network is called a peer-to-peer network. There is no hierarchy in this network; both participants have equal privileges.
Each computer has access to the data of the other device and can share resources such as disk space, applications or peripheral devices like printers etc.
Examples of Networking
An example of networking is sharing and acquiring information between different divisions of the same company to share information and solve business problems.
An example of networking is linking the entire network of computers to a print server to allow each workstation to have the ability to print documents.
Networks allow computers to share and access resources with other computing devices connected to it. Data and information: Networks allow computers to share data and information. A network allows several people to be connected to one printer or scanner, thus making optimal use of these resources.
A network is two or more computers connected together to share information and files between them. Businesses aren’t the only ones that can benefit from creating a network. Home users can enjoy sharing music, movies and printers from any computer.
Following are the examples of Networking are:
- File Sharing
- Video Games
- The World Wide Web
- The Internet
- Power line and Airline Network
- Citation Network
- Language Network
- Economic Network
- Metabolic and Protein Network
- Social Network
File Sharing:-
Computers connected to a network can share files and documents with each other. Personal computers connected to a business network can choose which files and folders are available to share on the network.
Video Games:-
Console and PC gamers benefit from networking also. You can easily set up multiplayer death matches and even host your own game server.
The World Wide Web:-
This is a directed network in which nodes represent Web pages and edges are the hyperlinks between pages. More precisely, there exists an edge from page p to page q if page p contains at least one hyperlink pointing to page q. Usually, the actual number of hyperlinks from p page q is not important and hence the network modelling the Web is unweighted.
Studying the Web as a network is of crucial importance in the field of Web information retrieval. Web search engines, for instance, heavily exploit the Web topology in order to rank Web pages that are returned to the user that issued a query. The PageRank method, which is a major ingredient of Google search engine, is a fitting example.
The Internet:-
This is a collection of routers linked by various physical lines. The Internet is a growing network with no central control authority. When adding a new node to the Internet, two factors mainly determine the router node to connect to: distance and bandwidth. While distance puts obvious constraints, bandwidth, a measure of connection speed of the router, is typically the dominant factor.
This explains the emergence of hubs in the Internet. The study of Internet topology is crucial to investigate the robustness of the network under failures, which involve nodes randomly, and attacks, which purposely decimate network hubs. If the network is highly connected and dominated by few hubs, then random failures are generally not problematic, but attacks aimed to destroy the vital hubs might have Draconian effects.
Powerline and Airline Network:-
These are human-made networks that might be involved in random failures as well as targeted attacks. Failures may have cascading effects: the failure of one node may recursively provoke the failure of connected nodes.
Clearly, such events on these networks might have catastrophic consequences. The topology of the network directly influences the magnitude and reach of such events.
Citation Networks:-
An article citation network links scholarly papers through bibliographic references contained in the bibliography of the papers. This network is directed and follows the temporal ordering of papers: we cite the past, not the future. Hence, cycles are very rare, and a citation network closely resembles a directed acyclic graph. Moreover, papers may be aggregated at different levels, forming bibliometric units like scholars and journals.
These bibliometric units can play the role of nodes is a citation network, with edges representing the citations among them. For instance, in a journal citation network, nodes are academic journals, and there is an edge from journal i to journal j if some article published in i cites some article appearing in j. Usually, such a network is weighted, with the weight of an edge representing the number of citations between the journals participating in the edge.
Citation networks are fundamental tools in bibliometrics, the discipline that concerns itself with the study of the dissemination of knowledge through academic publication. In particular, bibliometric indicators like the PageRank-inspired Eigen factor take full advantage of the topology of journal citation networks.
Citation networks arise also in different contexts like patents and corresponding citations and published opinions of judges and their citations within and across opinion circuits.
Language Network:-
In these networks the nodes are words and the links represent relationships among words like significant co-occurrence in texts.
The properties of this network suggest some unexpected features of language organization that might reflect the evolutionary and social history of lexicons and the origins of their flexibility and combinatorial nature.
The known dramatic effects of disconnecting the most connected vertices in such networks can be identified in some language disorders like agrammatism, a kind of aphasia in which speech is non-fluent, labored, halting and lacking in function words.
Economic Networks:-
Market can be viewed as a huge directed multi-relational network. Companies, firms, financial institutions, governments play the role of nodes. Links symbolize different interactions between them, for instance purchases and sales or financial loaning, and the weight of the links captures the value of the transaction.
Viewing the economy as a network of interacting actors is useful to make sense of global financial meltdowns, which are provoked by a sequence of failures cascading over the highly connected and interdependent network economy.
Metabolic and Protein Networks:-
The nodes of metabolic networks are simple molecules like water or ATP. The links are the biochemical reactions that take place between these molecules. Moreover, proteins can be viewed as nodes of a complex network in which two proteins are connected if they can physically interact.
An important example is hemoglobin, a protein complex made of four proteins that attach together to transport oxygen in bloodstreams. The robustness of such life maps under failures determines our ability to survive various diseases, and the identification of hub molecules and proteins allow researchers to design effective drugs to cure diseases.
Social Networks:-
Social networks link people according to various social relationships, like acquaintance, friendship, collaboration, and sexual relation. They are of paramount importance to understand and anticipate the spread of ideas, innovations, fads, as well as biological and computer viruses. For instance, the dominant position of hubs in sexual networks. people with an extraordinary number of sexual partners — has been adopted as an explanation of the partially unexpected diffusion and persistence of AIDS epidemic, which defies the predictions of classical epidemic models based on the homogeneous, random network hypothesis. Indeed, due to their high connectivity, hubs are easy to be infected and, once infected, they potentially can pass the virus to all linked people.
Furthermore, social networks has been extensively used to measure the social standing of people participating in the network. The interpersonal directed links in a social network are interpreted as input-output channels for the transmission of influence, and the possibly negative weight of links captures the endorsement strength between individuals.
Some of these networks are made by nature, other are built by humans. All of them are webs without a spider: there exist no central authority that regulates their growth, but they evolve in a self-organized and decentralized way.
The majority of these networks exist since many years, some of them (biological networks) are here since millions of years. So, what is the reason of the recent buzz about network science? In the last years many researchers independently showed that real networks have similar architectures, regardless of their age, function, and scope, that elude the random world. Nature doesn’t play dices, and neither human builders of networks.
Purposes of Network
A network allows sharing of files, data, and other types of information giving authorized users the ability to access information stored on other computers on the network. Distributed computing uses computing resources across a network to accomplish tasks.
File and Data Sharing:-
At one time, file-sharing consisted mostly of saving documents to floppy disks that could be physically transferred to other computers by hand. With networking, however, files can be shared instantaneously across the network, whether with one user or with hundreds.
Employees across departments can collaborate on documents, exchange background material, revise spreadsheets and make simultaneous additions and updates to a single central customer database without generating conflicting versions.
Resource Sharing:-
Computer networking also allows the sharing of network resources, such as printers, dedicated servers, backup systems, input devices and Internet connections. By sharing resources, unique equipment like scanners, color printers or high-speed copiers can be made available to all network users simultaneously without being relocated, eliminating the need for expensive redundancies.
What’s more, specific shared resources can be targeted to deliver documents or results directly to the office or department that needs them.
Data Protection and Redundancy:-
Preventing critical data loss saves businesses worldwide countless millions of dollars every year. Networking computers together allows users to distribute copies of important information across multiple locations, ensuring essential information isn’t lost with the failure of any one computer in the network.
By utilizing central backup systems both on- and off-site, unique documents and data can be gathered automatically from every computer in the network and securely backed up in case of physical computer damage or accidental deletion.
Ease of Administration:-
Information technology (IT) officers and computer network administrators love network systems because they allow the IT professional to maintain uniform versions of software, protocols and security measures across hundreds or thousands of individual computers from one IT management station.
Instead of individually upgrading each computer in a company one at a time, a network administrator can initiate an upgrade from a server and automatically duplicate the upgrade throughout the network simultaneously, allowing everyone in the company to maintain uniform software, resources and procedures.
Internal Communications:-
Computer networking also allows organizations to maintain complex internal communications systems.
Network email can be instantaneously delivered to all users, voice mail systems can be hosted via network and made available system wide and collaborative scheduling software and program management tools allow employees to coordinate meetings and work activities that maximize effectiveness, while also notifying managers and co-workers of plans and progress.
Distributing Computing Power:-
Organizations that demand extraordinary computing power benefit from computer networking by distributing computational tasks across multiple computers throughout the network, breaking complex problems into hundreds or thousands of smaller operations, which are then parceled out to individual computers.
Each computer in the network performs its operations on its own portion of the larger problem and returns its results to the controller, which gathers the results and makes conclusions no computer could accomplish on its own.
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